The integration of generative artificial intelligence (GAI) into higher education presents ethical challenges, particularly concerning its use in academic assignments. While GAI offers pedagogical potential as a feedback mechanism, idea generator, or tutor, its unauthorised use to complete assessments undermines academic integrity and escapes traditional detection systems. This study explores the ethical decision-making processes of students engaging with GAI tools, guided by Rest’s Four-Component Model of Moral Behavior. An analytical cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2025 with students enrolled in an online postgraduate diploma in public health. Of 771 students invited, 267 responded (34.6%). The questionnaire, developed around Rest’s Four-Component Model, included Likert-scale and open-ended items. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative responses were coded inductively. Results reveal that 92% of respondents recognise that unauthorised GAI use constitutes academic misconduct (moral sensitivity), while 87% expressed confidence in distinguishing ethical from unethical GAI use (moral judgment). Students indicated they would avoid using GAI (92%) even under academic pressure (moral motivation). However, 17% admitted they might still use GAI irrespective of whether it is ethical or not (moral character). This finding suggests that either the types of assessment or the number of assignments could be contributing factors that tempt students to override their reservations. These findings emphasise the ethical ambiguity students experience, and the need for guidance, policy clarity, and educational interventions to foster integrity in a digital academic landscape.

Authors:
Mari van Wyk, University of Pretoria, South Africa
Liz Wolvaardt, University of Pretoria, South Africa
Bianca Le Cornu, University of Pretoria, South Africa
Sean Patrick, University of Pretoria, South Africa

About the Presenter(s)
Prof Sean Patrick is an Associate Professor at the School of Health Systems and Public Health, at the University of Pretoria. His research research projects include emerging contaminants in water, environmental health and E-Learning.

Connect on Linkedin
https://www.linkedin.com/in/mari-van-wyk-3396b334

Connect on ResearchGate
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sean-Patrick-3

Additional website of interest
https://www.instagram.com/__seanp

See this presentation on the full schedule – Saturday Schedule

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